The Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace

Workplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). For the nursing profession these threats include the following sources: nurse to nurse, patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, other health professionals to nurse. WPV happens in all healthcare settings, however some units are known to have higher incidences than others. One healthcare setting that is well known for having high incidences of patient to nurse violence is the ED. Factors that contribute to the increase of WPV in the ED include: long wait times, patients with mental disorders, patients who have a history of violence, and patients†¦show more content†¦However, he continued to curse at us and even tried spitting at nurse. The nurse continued to inform him that in order to fully assess him, so that we could see the extent of injuries and treat him, we neede d him to calm down. As I was pulling the gown out to ask him to change, he ripped the gown from my hands. Before I knew it, he had it tied around the nurse’s neck, choking him. I immediately called out for help; meanwhile the nurse was able to get out of the choke hold, and the police were there soon after to help contain him. In the end, the nurse nor the patient were seriously injured. The nurse went on to finish his shift and a report was filed. After a few days, I was talking to the nurse and asked him what was done about the incident to which he replied, â€Å"Nothing, there is nothing we can do, we do run the incident up the chain, but nothing will be done, it is just part of what we do here.† This mindset that WPV is â€Å"just part of the job† is what makes this issue even more severe. WPV is essentially promoted by the healthcare staff since it is not thought of as an issue. The development of programs and policies to prevent WPV is essential throughout healthcare institutions and should include programs that are unit specific. This is critical to better ensure the safety of both nurses and patients. The repercussions of not implementing such programs are numerous and its negative effects are far The Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS), from 2005-2014, there has been an increase in the rate of workplace violence in private-sector hospitals by 110% (2016). Workplace violence, which consists of physical and psychological abuse during work or on duty, has been an increasing problem in the healthcare industry. Workplace violence occurs in all types of healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes and includes violence from patients, visitors, invaders, and coworkers. Although many states, including California, have laws preventing workplace violence, there is no federal law that enforces workplace violence protections. The effects and causes of workplace violence in the healthcare setting is explored, as†¦show more content†¦al (2016) conducted a cross-sectional study in which a questionnaire was given to Palestinian nurses to determine the occurrence of psychological stress and job satisfaction in nurses who experienced workplace violence. O f the three hundred and forty three participants, ninety-three of the individuals surveyed reported experiencing workplace violence. Seventeen were exposed to physical aggression, eighty-three were exposed to verbal aggression, and twenty-five were exposed to bullying. The study concluded that verbal aggression was linked to psychological distress while bullying was linked to job dissatisfaction in nurses. The researchers of the study suggested there should be increased awareness and preventive procedures in place to address the issue of increased stress and lower job satisfaction faced by nurses. The causes of workplace violence There are many possible reasons as to why workplace violence occurs in the healthcare setting. Being in the hospital alone can be a stressful situation, discontent rapidly increases due to long waiting times, not meeting expected treatment outcomes, ineffective communication between the nurse and the patient and/or families, language barriers, enforcement of visiting hours, or perceived unresponsiveness by patients and their families, etc. In â€Å"†¦They Think We Are Conversing, so We Don t Care About Them,† a study conducted by Mensah Boafo (2016) on the causes of workplace violence against nurses, twenty-fourShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). For the nursing profession th ese threats include the following sources: nurse to nurse, patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, other health professionals to nurse. WPV happens in all healthcare settings, however some units are known to have higher incidences than others. One healthcare setting that isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1751 Words   |  8 Pageswe think of violence, we often reflect on an image the news has portrayed. We think of gun violence, robberies, or some other brutal attack that has left one dead or seriously injured. It is common to assume that this is often occurs in low income, poverty stricken areas. A description is provided of substance abusers, broken families, racism, and a host of other reasons why violence occurs. Sometimes, in the majority of cases, this description is correct. At any time, workplace violence can occurRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1799 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the workplace can happen to anyone at anytime, anywhere that is possible. Everyone is not safe from workplace violence, which is why we need to identify and prevent this from happening. Violence can cause a significant amount of fatalities and injuries throughout the entire United Sates. Nearly 2 million Americans are affected by assaults and violent acts by people in the workplace. Workplace Violenc e could also damage someone’s trust and the sense of security while working with othersRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1191 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Violence Abstract In the last several years, instances of violence in the workplace has risen dramatically. As of 2010, approximately a million people has been affected by this type of violence. Although violence in the workplace is not anything new, it is steadily receiving attention because of the rise in the instances of violence and the part that the media is playing in the reporting of these occurrences. Throughout my paper I will discuss certain instances of violenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1154 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Workplace violence is defined in the OHSA as the exercise or attempted exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker, or a statement or behavior that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker(ecentennial reading). ). It can happen at or outside the working environmentRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace947 Words   |  4 Pages According to The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health workplace violence is described as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse that takes place in the workplace. Violence includes all behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder. Currently there is no law that requires protection for violence which occurs in the workplace. However some states throughout the country has reached out to legislation an established prevention programsRead MoreThe Effects Of Lateral Violence On The Workplace1159 Words   |  5 Pageswithin many professions in today’s society. Often refer red to as lateral violence, this occurrence is no exception in the nursing profession. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper, information will be provided in an effort to identify causes of lateral violence in the workplace and how to encourage civility. Lateral violence is defined as acts that occur between colleagues wherein, bullying isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 Pages Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negative The Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace Introduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on the job. With the attention of the media, workplace violence now has its own specific category of crime. It is tracked and studied by the FBI, OSHA and other state run organizations. As attention is always growing with workplace violence,†¦show more content†¦According to OSHA, workplace violence falls into four different categories; criminal intent, customer/client, worker-on-worker, and personal relationships. Criminal intent is when an individual with no relationship to th e business commits a crime such as a robbery, shoplifting or trespassing. Customer/Client violence is when a person has a type of relationship with the business, such as client, inmate, student etc. When this type of violence occurs, you can expect the customer to dissatisfied with their product or the way they are being treated. They may be aggressive towards the employee or security officials trying to defuse the situation. Worker-on-worker violence occurs when one employee attacks or abuses another employee. Worker-on-worker fatalities occur accounted for approximately fifteen percent of all workplace violence in 2015 (Safety.blr). This type of violence is when one worker attacks another employee, typically over an argument between each other. The last category for workplace violence is personal relationships. This is when an individual has a personal relationship with the employee but has no connection with the business. This category includes victims of domestic violence wh o are assaulted or threatened while at work and accounted for about seven percent of all homicides in 2014Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). For the nursing profession these threats include the following sources: nurse to nurse, patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, other health professionals to nurse. WPV happens in all healthcare settings, however some units are known to have higher incidences than others. One healthcare setting that isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1501 Words   |  7 Pagesin the rate of workplace violence in private-sector hospitals by 110% (2016). Workplace violence, which consists of physical and psychological abuse during work or on duty, has been an increasing pro blem in the healthcare industry. Workplace violence occurs in all types of healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes and includes violence from patients, visitors, invaders, and coworkers. Although many states, including California, have laws preventing workplace violence, there is no federalRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1751 Words   |  8 Pageswe think of violence, we often reflect on an image the news has portrayed. We think of gun violence, robberies, or some other brutal attack that has left one dead or seriously injured. It is common to assume that this is often occurs in low income, poverty stricken areas. A description is provided of substance abusers, broken families, racism, and a host of other reasons why violence occurs. Sometimes, in the majority of cases, this description is correct. At any time, workplace violence can occurRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1799 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the workplace can happen to anyone at anytime, anywhere that is possible. Everyone is not safe from workplace violence, which is why we need to identify and prevent this from happening. Violence can cause a significant amount of fatalities and injuries throughout the entire United Sates. Nearly 2 million Americans are affected by assaults and violent acts by people in the workplace. Workplace Violence could also damage someone’s trust and the sense of security while working with othersRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1191 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Violence Abstract In the last several years, instances of violence in the workplace has risen dramatically. As of 2010, approximately a million people has been affected by this type of violence. Although violence in the workplace is not anything new, it is steadily receiving attention because of the rise in the instances of violence and the part that the media is playing in the reporting of these occurrences. Throughout my paper I will discuss certain instances of violenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1154 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Workplace violence is defined in the OHSA as the exercise or attempted exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker, or a statement or behavior that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker(ecentennial reading). ). It can happen at or outside the working environmentRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace947 Words   |  4 Pages According to The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health workplace violence is described as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse that takes place in the workplace. Violence includes all behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder. Currently there is no law that requires protection for violence which occurs in the workplace. However some states throughout the country has reached out to legislation an established prevention programsRead MoreThe Effects Of Lateral Violence On The Workplace1159 Words   |  5 Pageswithin many professions in today’s society. Often refer red to as lateral violence, this occurrence is no exception in the nursing profession. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper, information will be provided in an effort to identify causes of lateral violence in the workplace and how to encourage civility. Lateral violence is defined as acts that occur between colleagues wherein, bullying isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 Pages Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negative The Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace Workplace Violence Abstract In the last several years, instances of violence in the workplace has risen dramatically. As of 2010, approximately a million people has been affected by this type of violence. Although violence in the workplace is not anything new, it is steadily receiving attention because of the rise in the instances of violence and the part that the media is playing in the reporting of these occurrences. Throughout my paper I will discuss certain instances of violence in the workplace, show some statistics of violence in the workplace, and how to identify and possibly prevent this type of violence in the workplace. Workplace violence does not have a target type, at any time it could affect anyone at any organization. Executing plans to help prevent, prepare, and help to recognize tell-tale signs of violence in the workplace, those individuals that pose a risk for violence and tactics for the controlling instances of violence in the workplace. Workplace violence is not just when someone walks in and start shooting everyone. Although this kind of violence does happen, it is rare. The probability of you getting killed on your way to your job is greater than while on the job. Violence in the workplace does happen, and since one can’t predict when someone is going to go off the deep end and start killing their co-workers, this type of violence is hard to prevent. This type of violence is not the only kind of violence one mightShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). For the nursing profession these threats include the following sources: nurse to nurse, patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, other health professionals to nurse. WPV happens in all healthcare setti ngs, however some units are known to have higher incidences than others. One healthcare setting that isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1501 Words   |  7 Pagesin the rate of workplace violence in private-sector hospitals by 110% (2016). Workplace violence, which consists of physical and psychological abuse during work or on duty, has been an increasing problem in the healthcare industry. Workplace violence occurs in all types of healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes and includes violence from patients, visitors, invaders, and coworkers. Although many states, including California, have laws preventing workplace violence, there is no federalRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1751 Words   |  8 Pageswe think of violence, we often reflect on an image the news has portrayed. We think of gun violence, robberies, or some other brutal attack that has left one dead or seriously injured. It is common to assume that thi s is often occurs in low income, poverty stricken areas. A description is provided of substance abusers, broken families, racism, and a host of other reasons why violence occurs. Sometimes, in the majority of cases, this description is correct. At any time, workplace violence can occurRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1799 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the workplace can happen to anyone at anytime, anywhere that is possible. Everyone is not safe from workplace violence, which is why we need to identify and prevent this from happening. Violence can cause a significant amount of fatalities and injuries throughout the entire United Sates. Nearly 2 million Americans are affected by assaults and violent acts by people in the workplace. Workplace Violenc e could also damage someone’s trust and the sense of security while working with othersRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1154 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Workplace violence is defined in the OHSA as the exercise or attempted exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker, or a statement or behavior that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker(ecentennial reading). ). It can happen at or outside the working environmentRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace947 Words   |  4 Pages According to The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health workplace violence is described as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse that takes place in the workplace. Violence includes all behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder. Currently there is no law that requires protection for violence which occurs in the workplace. However some states throughout the country has reached out to legislation an established prevention programsRead MoreThe Effects Of Lateral Violence On The Workplace1159 Words   |  5 Pageswithin many professions in today’s society. Often refer red to as lateral violence, this occurrence is no exception in the nursing profession. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper, information will be provided in an effort to identify causes of lateral violence in the workplace and how to encourage civility. Lateral violence is defined as acts that occur between colleagues wherein, bullying isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 Pages Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negative The Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace Introduction Workplace violence is defined in the OHSA as the exercise or attempted exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker, or a statement or behavior that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker(ecentennial reading). ). It can happen at or outside the working environment ,which can extend from dangers and verbal mishandle to physical ambushes and murder, one of the main sources of employment related violence an activity (verbal, written, or physical aggression) which is planned to control or cause, or can cause,†¦show more content†¦1)Management should write down a strict policy against workplace violence. The policy ought to characterize what you mean by workplace violence in exact, concrete details. Give clear cases of inadmissible conduct and working conditions. It ought to unequivocally express the outcomes of making dangers or conferring vicious acts also, state in clear terms your association s view toward work place violence and its sense of duty regarding the counteractive action against violence at work place. 2)Encourage employers to report incidents of violence and assure no reprisals will be made against reporting employees. 3)†The main way to reduce stress in the workplace is by picking the right people†. Jesse Schell. 4)Provide lockers to reduce the amount of in hand money. Q1) What are the different types of workplace violence There are mainly five types of workplace violence- 1)Criminal intent workplace violence incidents is when the perpetrator has no relationship with the targeted establishment and the primary motive is theft. . 2) During a customer/client workplace violence incident, the perpetrator is a customer or client of the employer and the violence often occurs in conjunction with the worker’s normal duties.. 3) Worker-to-Worker is the type of workplace violence incident is generally perpetrated by a current or former employee, and the motivating factor is often interpersonal or work-related conflicts, or losses and traumas. . 4) DomesticShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). For the nursing profession these threats include the following sources: nurse to nurse, patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, other health professionals to nurse. WPV happens in all healthcare settings, however some units are known to have higher incidences than others. One healthcare setting that isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1501 Words   |  7 Pagesin the rate of workplace violence in private-sector hospitals by 110% (2016). Workplace violence, which consists of physical and psychological abuse during work or on duty, has been an increasing problem in the healthcare industry. Workplace violence occurs in all types of healthcare settings s uch as hospitals and nursing homes and includes violence from patients, visitors, invaders, and coworkers. Although many states, including California, have laws preventing workplace violence, there is no federalRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1751 Words   |  8 Pageswe think of violence, we often reflect on an image the news has portrayed. We think of gun violence, robberies, or some other brutal attack that has left one dead or seriously injured. It is common to assume that this is often occurs in low income, poverty stricken areas. A description is provided of substance abusers, broken families, racism, and a host of other reasons why violence occurs. Sometimes, in the majority of cases, this description is correct. At any time, workplace violence can occurRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1799 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the workplace can happen to anyone at anytime, anywhere that is possible. Everyone is not safe from workplace violence, which is why we need to identify and prevent this from happening. Violence can cause a significant amount of fatalities and injuries throughout the entire United Sates. Nearly 2 million Americans are affected by assaults and violent acts by people in the workplace. Workplace Violenc e could also damage someone’s trust and the sense of security while working with othersRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1191 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Violence Abstract In the last several years, instances of violence in the workplace has risen dramatically. As of 2010, approximately a million people has been affected by this type of violence. Although violence in the workplace is not anything new, it is steadily receiving attention because of the rise in the instances of violence and the part that the media is playing in the reporting of these occurrences. Throughout my paper I will discuss certain instances of violenceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace947 Words   |  4 Pages According to The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health workplace violence is described as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse that takes place in the workplace. Violence includes all behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder. Currently there is no law that requires protection for violence which occurs in the workplace. However some states throughout the country has reached out to legislation an established prevention programsRead MoreThe Effects Of Lateral Violence On The Workplace1159 Words   |  5 Pageswithin many professions in today’s society. Often refer red to as lateral violence, this occurrence is no exception in the nursing profession. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper, information will be provided in an effort to identify causes of lateral violence in the workplace and how to encourage civility. Lateral violence is defined as acts that occur between colleagues wherein, bullying isRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 Pages Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negative

Reconstruction Policies And Their Effects - 1903 Words

Reconstruction Policies and Their Effects Three new Constitutional Amendments were ratified during the Reconstruction Era as well as many policies on both the state and federal levels. The amendments that were ratified during the Reconstruction Era were the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments. The policies to assimilate the Southern states back into the union and for Reconstruction all varied dramatically between the Radical Republicans in Congress, President Abraham Lincoln, and President Andrew Johnson. President Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan was started before the Civil War even ended. He wanted to reunify the North and South in his plan called the â€Å"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction†, in this plan he would†¦show more content†¦Lincoln pocket-vetoed to Wade-Davis Bill and it was not re-introduced. After President Lincoln’s assassination, then Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president. He pardoned all Confederates but he required the members of the planter class and Confederate leadership to write to him personally for pardons. He also returned property, other than slaves, to those who pledged loyalty to the Union and promised to support the Thirteenth Amendment. Johnson was against slavery, but mostly because he was opposed to the Southern planter class. His plans were very lenient and allowed the formation of the Black Codes in the South, which were a set of laws that limited freedoms of the former slaves that lived there. Initially Johnson’s plans were supported, but the Radical Republicans wanted the rights promised in the Declaration of Independence to be extended to all free men, including former slaves. President Johnson was impeached on February 24, 1868. It was only by one vote that he was not removed from office, but his impeachment greatly reduced his influence over Reconstruction. This was the first time in history that a sitting President was impeached. Congression al (Radical) Reconstruction was the plan set by Radical Republicans in Congress. Leaders of the Radical Republicans included Thaddeus Stevens, who opposed the leniency granted by President

The Black Jacobins Free Essays

1. What perspective does C. L. We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Jacobins or any similar topic only for you Order Now R. James’ The Black Jacobins present on the history of black struggle for freedom? To what extent does it help you better understand the history of African Americans? C. L. R James in The Black Jacobins had gone beyond the recount of an historical event. His work did not only depict the black struggle for freedom but it gives us the opportunity to encounter with various slaves responsible for the fall of the French rule. C. L. R James also offers us the perspective of the empowerment of the black community. Contrary to others authors, James gives us a detailed account of the rebellion of those slaves. He shows us that the slaves (both men and women) were not passive ‘object’ and that they â€Å"constantly rebelled and resisted their fate, whether through organized rebellion, individual violence, or still more subtle means† (Baptist, nd). The Black Jacobins is therefore more that an historical account, it is a heritage that one should take into example and should be proud of. C. L. R James enables us as readers to visualize and participate in the struggle of the black for freedom. He gives us new perspectives and prospects to consider. For example: he shows the rebellious side of the slaves and pay tribute for it. Unlike others authors, James denounces the atrocities endure by the Haitian slaves. In chapter One of The Black Jacobins, he makes a clear account of the punishments that the white owners imposed on the black which he clearly defined as The Property. The various punishments were mutilations, whipping, tortures and death. The author shows that both male and female slaves were tortured and both resisted tortures. They culminated a deep-rooted sense of anguish which lead to resistance. In James’ views, they did not only resist but they struggle too. They attacked their defendless masters, killed them, poisoned them and their wives and made use of Vodou to hurt them. As C. L. R James (1938) states the slaves â€Å"remained, despite their black skins and curly hair, quite invincibly human beings†, whom instinct of survival was to defend themselves by any means available. Another perspective that the author demonstrated in The Black Jacobins is the loyalty and the faithfulness that the Haitian slaves had in their culture and religious beliefs. Even, if they were converted into Catholicism, they remain faithful to their cults and beliefs and continued to practice it into secrecy. Many authors had debated on the role of Catholicism in slavery and many had argued that slaves became submissive and respected the ‘paroles’ of the bible. For example Rodriguez (1997, p165) stated that â€Å"The Roman Catholic Church was firmly established as an expression†¦. Slaves were baptized and instructed to Catholicism, and all subjects were ordered to observe Sundays end church holidays†. However James depicts us another picture of those slaves. Instead of portraying submissive slaves going to the church, he talks about their secret celebrations of vodou which inspired fear to the masters. Vodou was a mean for them to â€Å"cherish a dream of freedom† (James, 1938) and also to some point have a control on their masters who feared the vodou cults. Through those vodou cults, the slaves were able to regroup themselves and thus prepare their revolution. C. L. R James also stresses on the obstacles that the slaves had to face when struggling for their freedoms. He carefully portrays the life and struggle of some particular slaves. One of those slaves is Makandal, an African maroon who attempted a revolution, without success. He also talked about mulattos and their implication in the revolution of the Haitian slaves. Without C. L. R James, those slaves would have remained in anonymity. The author of The Black Jacobins also put forward the perspective that somehow the French were in a way responsible for the revolution of the Haitian Slaves. The French revolution played a significant role in awakening the consciousness of the black. As C. L. R James (1938) stated: â€Å"they had heard of the revolution and had constructed it in their own image: The white slaves in French had risen, and killed their masters, and were now enjoying the fruits of the earth. It was gravely inaccurate in fact, but they had caught the spirit of the thing. Liberty. Equality. Fraternity† This notion of liberty makes them struggle alongside to gain their freedom. C. L. R James also makes a worthy account of Toussaint L’Ouverture’s life, stressing on his contribution in the revolution of the Haitian slaves. In his article C. L. R James and the Black Jacobins, Hogsbjerg (2010) stated that: James demolished the foundations on which over a century of British scholarship on abolition had rested. The Black Jacobins is a book which did not see from the upper class/oppressors perspectives like almost all slavery books. It is a book which enables us to see the revolution through the oppressed one. On reading The Black Jacobins, my visions about slavery changed. Almost every book I read before described slaves as submissive, however The Black Jacobins did the contrary. It helped me understand the courageous and rebellious character that the slaves had. I also acquired a lot of knowledge about the Haitian population, whom in some way resemble the Mauritian population in their struggle. The First chapter of the book, entitled The property is the most touching and also revolting thing I read in my life. Touching, in the fact that, as readers, we penetrated the book and become one of the slaves but on seeing all those atrocities done to slaves, we felt revolted. The Black Jacobins is a heritage which should be forwarded from generation to generation. It did not only talk about struggling in a slave society but it talks about struggling in every day’s life and situation. C. L. R James did not only make an account of the slaves’ tortures and struggle for freedom, he had also make us penetrated in the owners world. Those who dominated society for their own interest. After reading the book, I also become more aware of the humanitarian character of the slaves. Many authors described slaves as objects. But however in The Black Jacobins, we see that those slaves do have feeling. They were in fact jealous, anguish, happy, sad, revolted, etc. To conclude I will say that C. R. L James The Black Jacobins is a chef-d’oeuvre. It revealed the revolt and the true struggle that the slaves had to face in order to obtain their freedom. It is also a tribute to all those who resisted and helped in making the Haitian revolution possible. Bibliography †¢James, C.R.L, 2001. The Black Jacobins. 4th edition. England. Penguin †¢Rodriguez, J, 1997. The Historical encyclopedia of world slavery, Volume 1 ;Volume . California. Library of Congress †¢Hà ¸gsbjerg. C, 2010. CLR James and the Black Jacobins, international socialism a quarterly journal of socialist theory available at http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=639issue=126 [accessed on 23 avril] †¢Baptist.E.nd. Introduction available through the database of Slave Resistance http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/index.html accessed on 23avril] How to cite The Black Jacobins, Papers

Verbatim Family and Time free essay sample

Care of the Dying and Bereaved Verbatim Report of a Pastoral Visit Chaplain Your Initials: GAR Location of Visit: At Its home Time of Visit: 1430 Date of Visit: May 29, 2013 Date written: June 8, 2013 Preliminary Data Age: 88 Gender: Female Religious Preference: Seventh-day Adventist Referral: Y/N? N Initial Observations/Facts # of Prior Visits: 3 My initial visit with UT was a couple of months ago when my husband and I were approached to help with the relocation of a bed to make room for a hospice bed. During the first visit as we were introduced to the couple, I became aware that the tenant sent home to die with hospice is a retired pastor with the Seventh-day Adventist church. He spent all his life as a missionary and pioneer for our church. Within a week he died and I bumped into the wife (UT) outside of church a few weeks after his death and she asked if I could come by to visit with her. This is my third visit with her. As I enter Its home I notice the blinds down and curtains drawn. There is a lamp turned on dimly and in the recliner sits UT. Next to the recliner is a table with her cup of tea, her bible and a Journal. The walls are covered with pictures of the couple ND their children from all over the world where they ministered. I can see the kitchen from where I stand and there are boxes stacked up on the counter and stove which lets me know that she is not cooking for herself. She invites me to sit down. Goals I chose this visit to do a write up as a verbatim because this is my third time with Mrs. UT. My visits with her are grief related as she is mourning the loss of her husband. They had been married for seventy years. I would like to focus on how I helped her begin the grieving process. Pastoral Visit P = Patient H ”Husband D ”Daughter CLC: Hello, UT, Its Gilda Rowdy; I thought Id stop by to see how you are doing since our last visit? (The phone rang and when UT answered it she spoke in a low voice. I was aware I felt anxious and wondered if I should excuse myself. ) Pl: The pastor is here D and I have been waiting for her visit, can I call you later? Bye darling. (She hung up the phone). Its my daughter; Ill call her later. CO: The last time I was here we talked about your support system. How is that going? PA: As you know, I had a lot of family and friends visit after H died, now I am definitely feeling the emptiness and loneliness. I sometimes hear H calling my name like he used to and I respond like I used to and then realize that he is dead and it is lust wishful thinking. (She pauses) CO: (After some silence), it is quite normal that you would hear your husband after all the two of you have been together for over seventy years. Tell me, how are you coping? PA: Gilda, Its hard. I cant remember life without him (she starts sobbing). We got married on my eighteenth birthday. I was young but back then, its what you did. I was the oldest of thirteen kids. When I met H he promised me the world and I remember laughing at him. He kept his promise. I have visited and lived in some of the most untouched parts of the world. CO: How was it for you to leave your family? (l was aware of my own pain of leaving my family, as I left home at eighteen leaving the southern hemisphere heading to the northern hemisphere to study) PA: To tell you the truth, I missed my family a lot, but there was something about marrying a pastor and traveling the world. I was excited and looked forward to an adventure, something I had never experienced before. There were times when life was no so easy but for the most part H and I lived a life of adventure. CO: Tell me a little about when life was not easy? AS: One of trying times was when we spent seven months in the Solomon Island. (She pointed too picture of her and her husband with a local tribe). We were told by the General Conference to be extra careful and not to go out at night. Most of them were cannibals you see. I was terrified, but H said we should trust in God, so we went safety during our time there. When we found out I was 4 months pregnant H said it was time for us to go home. I was relieved. CO: I can only imagine what that must have been like for you? It sounds though that you lived a very exciting life, the life your husband promised. PA: Exactly, it was so exciting . God truly blessed us. He blessed us with safety and health most importantly. When it was time for us to retire, we both knew we had accomplished all we set out to do. God would be pleased I thought. We decided to retire in Loam Linda since we had two children here and our grand children. CO: Tell me about your relationship with your children and grand children? PA: We were quite blessed even up to the time when H was dying the kids would come by every Friday night to start the Sabbath with us, the grand kids would sing to him and bring their instruments and play for him. You should have seen the last time we worshiped together. I know Jesus and His angels were watching down on us. CO: How has it been since Hes death? PA: Oh, the kids and grand kids still come by and we still have worship, its Just that. (Then she paused) CGI: What it, UT? PA: Well after the kids and grand used to leave we would always talk about each one and reminisce on stories and then pray for each one of them. Now that H is gone I feel angry that he is not here for me to do that. CIO: I can see how that would make you feel angry. Is there a way that you can still reminisce and pray for your family? POI: It Just hurts so much, and once everyone leaves its Just me and all these memories. Its silly; I have been blessed with so many wonderful years with H, but feel robbed of my time with him. Call: I dont think it silly at all. I think its beautiful that you would want to spend more time with your husband. I see you as a role model for all couples, especially ones married to pastors. I know that it can be tough at times but the two of you by Gods grace made it through. Pl 1: Enjoy your husband and dont take time for granted. Loneliness is very dark. CO: Tell me about your loneliness? What does it look like for you? Alone. After you have spent every waking moment with your soul mate living without IM is dark. CO: I am so sorry. What do you think you can do to move out of this darkness? PAP: I live in this wonderful community where there are always activities going on. I guess I could be sociable and Join some fun activities. They have invited me; I Just havent had the courage to go alone. CO: Thats understandable, from what you are telling me you are showing appropriate emotions for one whos loved one has died. PAP: It really helps talking about this with you. I appreciate you stopping by. CO: I am happy to check in with you every couple of weeks if you like. PAP: I would like that very much, feel free to bring you kids too they are so sweet and polite, you hardly see that nowadays. The first time we met the couple to help them relocate the bed the kids came along and while Jordan and I took the bed apart the kids sang for the couple). CO: I noticed the boxes in the kitchen, how are you managing for food. PAP: You are very observant. I asked my grand kids to box up Hes books and someone from relive will be picking it up. We always wanted to make sure someone would get good use out of them, although these days with the internet. But to answer your question, my children are bringing my meals every day. I am blessed I tell you. CO: I am glad to hear that. Well it was nice visiting with you. May I pray for you before I leave? PAP: You wouldnt be a pastor is you didnt (she chuckled). CO: I took her hand and prayed. Dear Heavenly father, I thank you for UT. It is evident after our time together that she has a strong faith and relationship with you. You alone know her pain as she grieves the death of H. You alone can feel her loneliness in this house. I pray for your comfort and care as she mourns the loss of H. Please help her with her loneliness, UT most important of all help her with the relationship she will make within this community. Bless her children and grand children as UT finds a way to continue praying for them. Thank you Father for coordinating our paths. In Jesus name we pray amen. CO: Ill check back with you in a couple of weeks. See you later. Evaluation I have grown to really appreciate UT, I am aware of my own sense of loss as my grandmother passed away some years ago and I watched my grandfather grapple with learning how to live without his soul mate. I feel I listened to Its concern regarding her loneliness as I guided her in finding ways to be around people. I did not want to become a crutch for her or providing her with solutions therefore being an enabler. I realize her pain of losing her loved one after seventy years of marriage. She expressed a healthy way of grieving, and I am happy to Journey that with her as I encourage her to lean on children and grandkids who are clearly attached to their mother. Theological/Spiritual Reflection As I reflect on my visit with UT, I see it as a theologically sound visit due to our same faith background. In our previous visit she mentioned that she would no doubt be reunited with H again at Jesus second coming. We rejoiced in the fact that we have such hope and at the same time were very aware of this world marred with sin. Mourning is a healthy way to deal with the loss of a loved one as Jesus himself wept for His friend Lazarus. I was encouraged to see a couple sustain the trials of life and remain together for so many years. As a minister I know the struggles that accompanies a couple who choose to follow Gods calling. It is not always the easiest road to Journey on. Couples who sustain the test of time through prayer and perseverance are few and far between. This is not the norm in our society.

THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Changes In Altitude Have A

THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Changes in altitude have a profound effect on the human body. The body attempts to maintain a state of homeostasis or balance to ensure the optimal operating environment for its complex chemical systems. Any change from this homeostasis is a change away from the optimal operating environment. The body attempts to correct this imbalance. One such imbalance is the effect of increasing altitude on the body's ability to provide adequate oxygen to be utilized in cellular respiration. With an increase in elevation, a typical occurrence when climbing mountains, the body is forced to respond in various ways to the changes in external environment. Foremost of these changes is the diminished ability to obtain oxygen from the atmosphere. If the adaptive responses to this stressor are inadequate the performance of body systems may decline dramatically. If prolonged the results can be serious or even fatal. In looking at the effect of altitude on b ody functioning we first must understand what occurs in the external environment at higher elevations and then observe the important changes that occur in the internal environment of the body in response. HIGH ALTITUDE In discussing altitude change and its effect on the body mountaineers generally define altitude according to the scale of high (8,000 - 12,000 feet), very high (12,000 - 18,000 feet), and extremely high (18,000+ feet), (Hubble, 1995). A common misperception of the change in external environment with increased altitude is that there is decreased oxygen. This is not correct as the concentration of oxygen at sea level is about 21% and stays relatively unchanged until over 50,000 feet (Johnson, 1988). What is really happening is that the atmospheric pressure is decreasing and subsequently the amount of oxygen available in a single breath of air is significantly less. At sea level the barometric pressure averages 760 mmHg while at 12,000 feet it is only 483 mmHg. T his decrease in total atmospheric pressure means that there are 40% fewer oxygen molecules per breath at this altitude compared to sea level (Princeton, 1995). HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The human respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and transferring it to the cells where it can be utilized for cellular activities. It also removes carbon dioxide from the body. The respiratory system draws air initially either through the mouth or nasal passages. Both of these passages join behind the hard palate to form the pharynx. At the base of the pharynx are two openings. One, the esophagus, leads to the digestive system while the other, the glottis, leads to the lungs. The epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs. When the epiglottis is not covering the opening to the lungs air may pass freely into and out of the trachea. The trachea sometimes called the "windpipe" branches into two bronchi which in turn lead to a lung. Once in the lung the bronchi branch many times into smaller bronchioles which eventually terminate in small sacs called alveoli. It is in the alveoli that the actual transfer of oxygen to the blood takes place. The alveoli are shaped like inflated sacs and exchange gas through a membrane. The passage of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood is dependent on three major factors: 1) the partial pressure of the gases, 2) the area of the pulmonary surface, and 3) the thickness of the membrane (Gerking, 1969). The membranes in the alveoli provide a large surface area for the free exchange of gases. The typical thickness of the pulmonary membrane is less than the thickness of a red blood cell. The pulmonary surface and the thickness of the alveolar membranes are not directly affected by a change in altitude. The partial pressure of oxygen, however, is directly related to altitude and affects gas transfer in the alveoli. GAS TRANSFER To understand gas trans fer it is important to first understand something about the behavior of gases. Each gas in our atmosphere exerts its own pressure and acts independently of the others. Hence the term partial pressure refers to the contribution of each gas to the entire pressure of the atmosphere. The average

When You Feel Overwhelmed... Or Fail - CoSchedule Blog

When You Feel Overwhelmed... Or Fail Blog Marketers (just like you) are overwhelmed. Theres so much to do to be successful. Or is there? The noise is so intimidating: If you write a blog post, you better optimize it for SEO. That content  better be at least 2,500 words long. You have to research everything + back up your claims. It has to  be actionable. It has to be well-designed. You need to build an email list so you can share it. You need to post it on all of your social networks. All of the messages should be optimized for each social media account. You need to publish that blog post, send that email, and post to every social network at the best time. The list goes on and on. ^ And that example is just for writing a blog post. What about writing, designing, publishing, and promoting e-books, hosting webinars, starting your podcast, and beyond? Im sure you see my point. When You Feel Overwhelmed Or FailBut what would your life be like if you were to  focus on doing fewer things extremely well? You will create more effective projects. You will build skills and subsequently boost your efficiency. You will improve  a process you can delegate, and subsequently scale your results. Intense focus on doing work that actually makes a difference will  eliminate the overwhelm. And subsequently, you will fail less frequently. Do one thing well. Then embellish upon it. Do one thing well. Then embellish upon it.A big mentor of mine told me recently: Think of every project in terms of little experiments. via @garrett_moon Nathan Ellering (@njellering) January 31, 2017 If you look at that blog post you want to write as an example here, that means: Write the dang thing. Ship it (imperfections and all). ^  At first, you dont need to optimize it for search engines. It doesnt need to be extremely well-edited. You may not need graphics at all. You dont need to optimize it to capture email addresses. Because if you dont focus on doing one thing well at first- and let yourself become overwhelmed with #allthethings  you could do- youre probably spreading yourself too thin. Youre doing many things just alright  without doing one thing extremely well. All of the fringe things that make up a well-rounded  project will come over time. But, as Seth Godin says: If you don’t ship, you actually haven’t started anything at all. At some point, your work has to intersect with the market. At some point, you need feedback as to whether or not it worked. Otherwise, it’s merely a hobby. After you nail the core skill that will make your project successful, you can optimize it further. As you think of projects in terms of little experiments, you  wont waste time  writing an entire strategy around something that is actually a big huge guess. Ship. Learn. Iterate. 9 Things  We Tried  That Didnt Work Out So Well At Least At First And with that here are a number of experiments  the (mostly) marketing team at has tried and failed. Im sharing these stories  so you can implement a similar approach of  testing + agility in your marketing operations. Also learn from our failures so you dont have to experience them yourself. #1: Executing Without A Solid Plan Is Kind Of A Bad Idea (Really Bad, Actually) Last year, I got really excited about launching an editorial strategy course. We had just added a couple new friends  to  the marketing team. So I wanted to refocus my time on something completely new and exciting. I jumped into creating content without telling anyone. The goal, the game plan, the sprints, the tasks- everything existed in my head and was not communicated well with the team. I didnt even ask them for their thoughts on what a great course would look like for the audience. The result? I had to scrap a lot of work and restart. This is why I remind myself: Fail fast. Fail once. Now we have a brainstorming meeting for big ideas like this where I ask the team one question: What would a project like this look like for ? Everyone helps  shape the project. Everyone has  a stake in the strategy. Then I pare down the ideas into realistically achievable sprints. #2: More Meetings Fewer Meetings A lot of people think fewer meetings are  better than  more meetings. Theyre wrong. Our  Product team often uses meetings as a  method to get more work done faster. For example, theyll touch base in the mornings. Then theyll set up another touch point that day in mid-afternoon for a show and tell of what theyve completed so far. This gives the product owners a chance to review the progress and see how things are looking. So if anyone is off track, they can course correct without wasting a lot of time working on  something that would be changed anyway. More touch points like this keep us focused. The key is  these meetings are focused on execution + creating effective work quickly. Theyre like deadlines. And they work because nobody  wants to show up for a show and tell and have nothing to show. #3:  Data-Driven Decisions Assumptions Its easy to let assumptions guide your work. Its another to use data to understand what really works. We tested sending well-designed emails to our audience with the assumption that more people would click through. After testing the designed emails against plain text, the results were not even close. Plain text emails get way more clickthroughs with our audience. But if we hadnt tested, we would have never known. Test. Measure. Learn. Its easy to let assumptions guide your work. Its another to use data to understand what really#4: Plan Way Ahead For Video Content We recently launched #OverheardAt, a new video series. It was a brand new project without a defined process. Snags included sketching, video length, and editing in post-production. ^ Essentially, a better plan + over-communication is the best way to resolve those challenges with video, especially because its really hard to change video content after its been recorded. A big lesson here is that  this was the first time doing it. To build a skill and a solid, repeatable process, you need to start, hone, and optimize. We wont make the same mistakes again. To build a skill and a solid, repeatable process, you need to start, hone, and optimize.#5:  Start + Improve In October 2016, we launched a weekly podcast called The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast. Like any skill you build, I started by first concentrating on finding amazing guests  and sharing helpful  stories other marketers would love. I had to learn a brand new process complete with the foundation/structure + outreach + writing questions + actual interviews + audio quality + promotion + a lot more. My early interviews were a little rocky. The audio could have been better. But Ive gotten a lot more comfortable, and now I just edit out my awkwardness (ha). Now that were covering lots of different marketing topics, weve also changed the name of the podcast to The Actionable Marketing Podcast. Its a matter of focus. And you can listen to my thoughts on that here. The lesson learned here is starting, shipping, iterating. #6: Spend Money To Make Money We started dabbling in AdWords and Facebook Ads to reach a larger audience. At first, I was spending next to nothing and getting next to no results. For projects like paid advertising, you need to invest a significant amount up front because you have no idea what kind of ads will convert (and which wont). Which means, especially as you start, you need to spend some money to understand whats not working to know where you can improve. Ad creative is a big huge guess until you look at the data. Some of my favorite ads never converted while some ads I would have never guessed would do so well are still among our top-performers today. Again, personal opinion should never get in the way of measuring real results. #7: Customers   Traffic + Email Subscribers Profitable customer action. Thats the reason marketing exists, right? To drive profitable customer action. For about two years, the Content Marketing team at focused on building traffic. Once the traffic was on our website, we optimized the content to convert that traffic into email subscribers. That is still an approach I recommend starting with. But weve recently made a pivot. What we used to call our Content Marketing team is now the Demand Generation team. Its a matter of focus: To provide the most helpful marketing content on the internet that attracts an audience of marketers who are interested in organizing their marketing execution with . Were using data to understand what content we publish influences the best kinds of customers for our business. Then we learn the  qualities + topics that help us  attract the right audience. And we use that knowledge to  ship more content that aligns among  our best performers. ^ Id definitely recommend doing this for your own marketing. #8: Stop Doing Whats Not Working (RIP #CoChat) For about six months, we hosted a weekly Twitter chat. Six months deep, I wrote a quick survey and shared it with our Twitter chat participants. I really wanted to know if any of them were more likely to buy because of the  chat. The results were a resounding no. Not a single participant was more likely to purchase because of participating in the chat. At least, thats what they told me. Literally. So, as a matter of focus, we shut down #CoChat. It was sucking our resources into a project that was not delivering measurable results to our goals. Stop whats not working to refocus your efforts on what does. Stop whats not working to refocus your efforts on what does.#9: Reward Yourself  For Providing Value concentrates on providing value in every project we ship. When we launched our Headline Analyzer the first time, we  didnt have a way to capture email subscriber leads. When we saw the tool take off, we provided a  content upgrade in exchange for an email address. The tool was valuable for our audience. For free. So we wanted to also have a way to continue to communicate with those folks. Thats fair. Heres another example:  We knew  our audience loved getting free PDFs. Then we started experimenting more: Wouldnt editable spreadsheets, Word docs, and slide decks be even more helpful? And what if we bundled more of those things together so instead of giving one thing away for free, wed give away three, five, or heck, even 10? ^ Every time we gave away more helpful stuff, we converted more people. Every time we gave away more helpful stuff, we converted more people.When you provide something valuable, you, as a marketer, deserve to be rewarded in some way. Think about the conversions, the desirable action. You put in the work, you deserve something out of it. Dont be afraid to make the ask. How To Overcome The Overwhelm (Or Failures) So what  have all of those stories + failures  taught us about overcoming the overwhelm? Plan Your Work. Then Work Your Plan. People who write down goals are more likely to make them a reality. Plan how you will execute a project. Then follow the plan. Leave out the frills and focus. Start With Minimum Viable Tests (Then  Optimize Further) Garrett likes to say: The simplest approach is often the best place to start. Nail a core skill, then optimize further. Doing Less Is Often Doing More You dont have to do everything to be successful. Instead of spreading yourself too thin,  master a 10x project. Then scale it. Being really good at one thing is better than being mediocre at many things. Embrace Frameworks Thought processes are easy to pass along to your team when you embrace easy-to-remember frameworks. For example, the framework that drives our entire Demand Generation strategy is: The right content The right audience The right amount of effort If we do those three things incredibly well, we win.  Everyone on the team can repeat that framework to you if you were to ask. Could your marketing team benefit from a simple framework like that? Ship + Learn + Iterate Dont shoot for perfection. Create something just good enough to produce the desired result. Learn the skill. Then hone it. As you improve your process, optimize it with additional opportunities for growth.

On-line Demand for Products and Services Assignment

On-line Demand for Products and Services - Assignment Example As the growth witnessed in the online shopping arena continues exponentially, various firms are acquiring new wealth focused on new market opportunities for footprint coverage. Therefore, stores are able to subsequently cater to the vast and continuously growing offshore markets in terms of service requirements and market demands. This is because of the growing influence of the Internet where online consumers need both Internet connectivity and valid payment methods to sustain a complete transaction (de Kare-Silver, 2000:48). In most cases, once a particular item has been identified on a website or in another online platform, an online retailer subsequently uses available shopping cart software. These subsequently allow consumers to continue buying products by way of accumulating multiple items, in addition to being able to adjust the quantities acquired. Through the existing ‘checkout’ processes, payment and delivery information is acquired. Here, some stores allow the customers to sign up for permanent online accounts. This is important because of the need for constant information gathering during an online transaction. This involves sensitive information (Sheth, 2003:23). Online accounts are more secure and hence the preferred choice for frequent online shoppers. As such, information should only be entered once. Some of the dominant online accounts include Shopify, Shopgate, and PrestaShop, osCommerce, Magento, and nopCommerce. High-end solutions can also be bought or rented in the version of stand-alone programs (Huang, 2000:339). This may also work as an addition to an existing enterprise program on resource planning. In the event that a transaction is successfully implemented, online shoppers usually receive e-mail notifications. A less sophisticated avenue involves a process where consumers use email or phones to order their products.  

Native Guard Poems By Natasha Trethewey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Native Guard Poems By Natasha Trethewey - Essay Example The poem profoundly conveys her heart for the blacks in rich voice texture and images of truths concerning the battles not only against slavery for the fellow blacks but even with the unsettled issue of freedom that appears detached from the desired racial equality. â€Å"Native Guard† begins with an epigraph attributed to the 19th century social reformer and statesman Frederick Douglass stating â€Å"... if this war is to be forgotten, I ask in the name of all things sacred what shall men remember?† in reference to the Civil War which Trethewey revitalizes with her literary design. Utilizing ten stanzas each bearing distinct date, the poet pays tribute to one member of the Louisiana Native Guards being â€Å"the first officially sanctioned regiment of black soldiers in the Union Army.† With reference to the first line where the speaker expresses  Ã¢â‚¬ Truth be told, I do not want to forget†, the native guard himself is shown to have gathered to his sen sibility an essential contemplation of the past, adding â€Å"†¦I thought to carry with me / want of freedom though I had been freed, / remembrance not constant recollection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . ... s and ends with a memory wherein the last line of each sonnet becomes a variant of the subsequent sonnet's opening line, as in a meaningful chronology of historical events. Since â€Å"Native Guard† is a first-person narrative supposedly by an unnamed ex-slave in an all-black regiment of the Union Army, the lines can be observed to possess stately approach to language and structure. Within the poem’s context is the presence of circularity depicting circumstantial shifts as one finds the former slave guarding the imprisoned inside the Union fort at Mississippi’s Ship Island. Comparing his personal life in relation to his professional life as a military officer who look after welfare of the fallen rebels, he states – I now use ink to keep record, a closed book, not the lure of memory — flawed, changeful — that dulls the lash for the master, sharpens it for the slave. For the slave, having a master sharpens the bend into work, the way the sergea nt moves us now to perfect battalion drill, dress parade. Trethewey’s style of writing in â€Å"Native Guard† is characteristic of a speaker’s tone or at least, a sound representative of the way speech is made in the culture or group the narrator has become a part of. Like journal entries, the words are phrased and constructed in a manner that indirectly yet effectively states the type of sentiments involved and along the following lines, the bitterness may be sensed with the drop of the last two words – †¦We’re called supply units - not infantry – and so we dig trenches, haul burdens for the army no less heavy than before. I heard the Colonel call it Nigger work†¦ Often, the work celebrates not only the factual details which history is not made to confront or disclose but also the most excruciating truths that

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) - Term Paper Example Mostly, Electromagnetic Radiation is in the forms of waves. These waves include: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, X- rays and Gamma-rays (Mattson). The magnetic and electric fields resulting in the electromagnetic waves interact by coming together at right angles to each other and these combined waves move perpendicular to both electric and magnetic oscillating fields and as a result, the disturbance is caused (Nikita , Kevin and Mateo). The resulting electron radiation is released in bundles of light energy which travel at a speed of 299 792 458 m / s, equivalent to the speed of light, as quantized harmonic waves. This electromagnetic waves are grouped according to their wavelength and the this results in the electromagnetic spectrum. The resultant magnetic and electric waves move perpendicularly to each other having certain characteristics which are Amplitude, frequency and wavelength. Features of Electromagnetic Radiation Wavelength The movement of the electromagnetic waves is in form of patterns. The distance that exists between two peaks is the wavelength of the wave. The wavelength of a waveform is measured in meters. This is illustrated in the figure below. Frequency Frequency can be defined as the number of oscillations of the wave per unit time. The frequency of waves is not constant, it varies and the variation greatly depends on the type and nature of the electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of a wave is measured in Hertz. The wave can have high frequency or low frequency as indicated in the diagram below. The frequency is related to the wavelength by the dispersion relation is given by: Where  the wavelength and c is the propagation speed Amplitude Amplitude refers to the characteristic height of the wave. Amplitude is a measure of the intensity of the wave and is measured in meters. The amplitude of an electromagnetic radiation is given by Where  Refers to the electrical amplitude,  is the wavelength and c is the propagation speed. Characteristics of electromagnetic Radiation Interference This is the process in which two waves superposes to form one resultant wave. For interferenc e to occur, the source of the waves must be coherent. If two electromagnetic waves having the same frequency get together i.e. they superpose, it results into a wave which has the resultant magnetic and electric field strength equal to the sum of fields of the two waves. When two strong waves moving that have their fields moving in one direction, i.e. same direction in time and space, the resulting waveform is twice that of each individual waveform (Encyclop?dia Britannica Online). This results in constructive interference. However, the superposition of a wave having an electric field in one direction in space and with another electromagnetic radiation wave which has the same frequency but with an electric field in the opposite direction in space and time results in cancellation and a result, there is no formation of a waveform (Encyclop?dia Britannica Online). This implies that the two waves are not in phase. The resultant effect is termed as destructive interference. In summary, s uperposition of waves results in destructive, constructive or partial interference considering the magnitude of the waves being superposed. If two monochromatic waves described by And Then The value is responsible for the interference process. If then the resultant interference is constructive If Then  If Then the interference is a destructive interference. Diffraction When electromagnetic waves come onto obstacles, they are diffracted. Diffraction is the process by which the waves bend around obstacles. This can be illustrated as in the diagram be

Mesotherapy Strategies and Techniques

Mesotherapy Strategies and Techniques MESOTHERAPY INTRODUCTION Mesotherapy is an art of injecting small quantities of various medicinal preparations such as vitamins, minerals and other conventional drugs directly into the mesoderm to treat pathological conditions locally. It involves the administration of intradermal or subcutaneous injections of compounds to treat a variety of medical conditions and avoiding systemic adverse effects due to drugs. It appears to be a novel technique to administer medicines local to the pathology while the skin serves as a natural time- release system. BACKGROUND OF MESOTHERAPY The term mesotherapy (derived from Greek mesos. â€Å"Middle† and therapeia to treat medically) denotes injection of substances into middle layer of skin ( mesoderm) for medical purposes. Historical aspects[1] Mesotherapy was originally used to treat painful conditions using local procaine injections. Michael Pistor who coined the term mesotherapy is considered the father of mesotherapy. In his original article,he described treating deafness, tinnitus, vertigo and headaches using local injections of procaine. Earlier to this in 1884, Koller an ophthalmologist used local cocaine to relieve pain. In 1925 Lerich used intradermal injections in the intercostal spaces. In 1937 Aron studied the use of intradermal injections to have an analgesic effect. Albert Lemaire, a Belgian physician used procaine injections to treat trigeminal neuralgia. In 1952, Michel Pistor a French physician popularized mesotherapy to treat various conditions in dermatology,sports,traumatology and vascular disease chiefly as a pain-relieving therapy. He defined mesotherapyas a techniquethat was used to treat mesoderm,(primary germ layer that develops into connective tissue, muscle and the circulatory system). In 1953, Dr .Mario Lebel invented a 3mm length needle that could be used precisely for injection of substances into the dermis. In 1964, the French society of Mesotherapy was founded by Michel Pistor and use of mesotherapy was extended to treat cosmetic conditions. The American influence was evident after Dr. Lionel Bissoon popularized the technique in North America. Despite the fact that mesotherapy is gaining popularity in aesthetic medicine especially for localized cellulite reduction, it continues to be a controversial topic and therefore requires cautious approach. The safety and efficacy of these mesotherapy remain ambiguous to patients and physicians alike. [2] Applied basic science [1, 3] The concept that led to discovery of mesotherapy is quite interesting. Pistor saw recovery of chronic hearing loss while treating a patient with procaineinjections for an asthma attack. Subsequent intradermal injections of this product into the mastoid region proved this effect to be true. However the depth of injection was considered important. This led the researchers to the fact that at a depth of 1.5 to 2mm the local activity of the product would last longer due to a persistent reservoir with weak local diffusion in the dermis whereas products injected into dermis would dissipate to greater distances.A product when injected intradermally acts in two ways. Firstly, by stimulating dermal receptors in situ and secondly, over long distances by reaching other organs via circulation. A concept of meso-interface exists which is the surface of contact established between the injected products and the tissue injected. The more the multiple punctures are made and the more fragmented produc ts are delivered in small quantities, the greater the meso-interface and proportionately greater numbers of dermal receptors get activated.Pistor has always described this technique as follows. â€Å"A little volume, a few times and in the right place†. The idea was that by placing these products in the dermis, the skin acts as a reservoir for drugs to diffuse slowly via microcirculation to activate dermal receptors. A general mechanism of action (based on the target site, dermis) and a specific mechanism of action (based on the ingredients used) has been proposed to explain the concept of mesotherapy. The dermis is considered to be common denominator for circulatory, neurological and immunological functions; and the general mode of action is believed to occur by correction of these altered functions. Individual drugs or agents target the specific indication of mesotherapy. EQUIPMENTS The various equipments used in mesotherapy are Mesogun (Fig 1) Mircromesotherapy device Needleless Mesotherapy Mesogun Mesogun is a syringe infusion pump that is capable of injecting the desired substance at a required amount, speed and depth using the injector and needle. Syringes varying from 2cc-10cc and needle lengthsvarying in size from 4mm to 13mm can be used based on the indication, and desired depth of injection. A device known as guide is used to keep the needle at a constant depth. Once the parameters are chosen, the product can be injected by one of the following modes. Continuous – Min 3cc/min Max 10cc/min. Mircrodose – Max0.1cc/trigger. Standard dose – Max 0.3cc/trigger. Mesoperfusion – Max 0.3cc/trigger. Nappage – 0.1cc/trigger. Advantages of Mesogun Good comfort level for patient and physician Procedure is faster and relatively painless Accurate delivery system Versatality – Ability to perform various modes such as nappage, continuous, mesoperfusion in dosimetry. Syringes used in Mesogun: Generally 1ml, 5ml, 10ml and 20ml syringes with luer lock system is used based on the indication. MesoNeedles (Fig2 a): Mesoneedles or â€Å"Lebel needles† are commonly used in mesotherapy.The John Screw needles have an adjustable length.The recommended parameters for needles are based on the site of injection: Face and neck – 4mm 30G mesoneedles Fat and cellulite – 6mm 30G mesoneedles,  ½ inch 30G needles. Multi-injectors and plates (Fig2 b): These accessories help to cover larger areas in a short time facilitating faster and easier procedure for the injector. There are sterile circular and linear multi-injectors with needles ready to be used for any body part. Micromesotherapy Device Micromesotherapy is an evolution of conventional mesotherapy. Usually mesotherapy uses needles to deliver drugs in deep dermal layer. Here a reverse cone shaped device has ultrafine needle 32Gx2mm by which drugs are injected into the superficial layer of dermis therebyminimizing incidence of bruising, pain and scarring. Needle-Less Mesotherapy or No Needle Mesotherapy This is a needle free device that pushes mesotherapy products painlessly through the skin using electrical waves known as isophoresis. The main features of needle less mesotherapy are: Less painful and less traumatic Uses ultrasound/electroporation technology. Probably around 20% efficiency compared to traditional mesotherapy as there is no neocollagenesis or neo angiogenesis reactions that occur with needle micro injury. This may be an option if mesotherapy is not allowed in the country. It has been discussed in details in Chapter 12. MESO SOLUTIONS (Fig6[VG1] The basic requirements of meso products is that it should be approved and skin-compatible.Systemic administration (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intradermal) should be safe and known pharmacological actions to be effective. The ingredients used in mesotherapy products should be water soluble, isotonic and non-allergenic. The mesoproducts vary with the indications chosen for treatment. [4] [ Figure 3]Products used for mesotherapy involves combination of products some of which are main ingredients known as principals as they have high grade of evidence in the treatment of each indications and complementary agents that have been approved for treatment of each indications. For a mixture to be effective it should contain 2 – 3 principals for any given indication. Therefore the ingredients in mesosolutions are broadly classified into main categories: Principal (P) / Major Complementary (C) / Minor. The main targets for mesotherapy are skin, hair, fat and cellulite. (Table 11.1). Table 11.1 Principal and Complementary ingredients in meso solutions in various indications INDICATION PRINCIPAL/MAJOR COMPLEMENTARY/MINOR SKIN REJUVENATION Mesolift Hyaluronic Acid5 DMAE Organic silicum Fibronectin + Vegetal Proteins Vitamin C Glycolic Acid Xadenal Vitamin A Growth Factors Stem Cells Mesoglow Hyaluronic Acid Siloag Vitamin C Xadenal Taurine Meso lightening Kojic Acid Azalaic Acid Vitamin C Glutathione Tretinoin Glycolic Acid Striae or stretch marks Stretch Marks Organic silicum Centella Asiatica Vegetal Proteins + Fibronectin DMAE Vitamin C Idebenone Hair Loss Androgenetic Alopecia Minoxidil Finasteride Dutasteride Dexenol Biotin Amino acids Peptides Zinc Azelaic Acid Stem Cells Telogen effluvium Biotin Dexapanthenol Pyridoxine Multi Vitamins Trace Elements Cellulite and Fat Meso Cellulite Caffeine Carnitine Aminophylline DMAE Rutin Artichoke Yohimbine Procaine Vitamin C Fat deposits Body Sculpting, localized fat, Cellulite PPC Deoxy cholate L – Carnitine Aminophylline Pentoxifylline DMAE -Dimethylaminoethanol ; PPC Phosphatidylcholine TECHNIQUES FOR MESOTHERAPY INJECTIONS The mesoproducts can be injected into the skin by various injection techniques to reach desired depth.The commonly used techniques and the desired depth reached are summarized in Table 11.2and Illustration 11.1 Table 11.2: Techniques and depth in mesotherapy injections Technique Depth Intraepidermal 1mm Papular 2mm Nappage 2-4mm Point by point 4mm Mesoperfusion > 4mm The salient features of various techniques are outlined below: Intra-epidermal This is one of the most superficial of the techniques described by Perrin. Depth: 1mm within the epidermis Painless, no bleeding Simple and large surface covered Ideal for patients with low pain threshold Ideal for facial rejuvenation, mesoglow Papular Depth:2mm dermoepidermal junction Painful Useful in mesobotox Ideal treatment of wrinkles Nappage(French for ‘covering’) Also known as picotage is the classic injection technique in mesotherapy. (Illustration 11.2) It is the most widely used technique in aesthetic dermatology. The syringe is held obliquely and the physician applies constant pressure on the plunger flicks the wrist to infuse a drop of the solutioninto the dermis(Fig 4). The injections are 2-2.5mm deep and 1cm apart. This technique can also be used for injections using a mesogun. (Fig 5) Depth 2-4mm Less pain and less bleeding Ideal for rejuvenation and scalp treatments Point by Point(Fig 6) Depth 4mm Perpendicular injection Ideal for fat reduction Mesoperfusion Depth > 4 mm Mesosolution is injected slowly over a priod of 10 minutes Not commonly used in dermatology PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MESOTHERAPY Indications and contraindications for mesotherapy are listed in box 11.1 and box11.2. Box 11.1 Indications for mesotherapy Box 11.2 : Contraindications for mesotherapy Related to patient Unrealistic expectations Body mass index greater than 30 Pregnancy / Lactation H/O strokes, recent cancer. H/o multiple meds for heart disease H/o allergy to ingredients e.g. Soy proteins, lignocaine. Autoimmune disorders Epilepsy Insulin dependent diabetes Related to product Aminophylline – Known hypersensitivity to drug, active peptic ulcer, Pentoxiphylline, aminophylline- recent cerebral retinal bleed L. carnitine – history of seizure disorder Phosphatidyl choline relative contraindications with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Caffeine – arrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia hypotension Mannitol – pulmonary edema, renal disease. Patient selection Selecting the patient with a valid indication for mesotherapy is the key to success. Care should be taken to avoid patients with active skin diseases, too elderly and patients with history of sensitive skin. For androgenetic alopecia better results are seen in patient with Grades 1 – 3. Counseling and preparing the patient A proper counseling is essential before starting mesotherapy. Patients with body dysmorphic disorders and those with unrealistic expectations should not be treated. Alternate procedures should be discussed sufficiently as mesotherapy is still in the controversial stage. A written informed consentis mandatory in the present medical scenario. A good before and after clinical photograph is needed to evaluate results following the procedure. Procedural aspects The area to be treated is marked and thoroughly cleaned with an antiseptic solution. For anesthesia, a local anesthetic cream may be applied or ice-anesthesia can be used to numb the treatment area. Patients are preferably injected in a lying down position. The required quantity of ingredients is drawn into the syringe using an 18Gx11/2needle. The injection is given either manually or using a device to deliver by the papular, nappage or point by point technique. A gentle massage is given after the treatments. Fresh normal saline and a mositurising cream can be applied to the treated area and massaged gently. [9]. The procedure takes about 20 – 30 minutes depending on the indication and area to be treated. There is no downtime after the procedure and the patient will be able to return to normal activities immediately. Good results are seen with mesotherapy done for skin rejuvenation, cellulite and double chin. [Fig 7, 8, 9] Post procedure care and counseling for follow up There may be mild pain, pinpoint bleeding, itching, burning or erythema after the injection which will subside spontaneously. Bruising and hematoma can appear occasionally and can be managed symptomatically. Mild swelling at site of injection may require anti-inflammatory agents for few days. The patients need to be counseled on the following aspects: Avoid sun exposure and smoking for next 48 hours Loose fitting clothes to be worn especially after lipolytic injections. The area to be treated is generally massaged after 72 hours and continued daily till disappearance of nodules if any. Follow up: Generally treatments are given once every 1-2weeks for 6 sessions, then once a month for 5months. Maintenance sessions are to be done once or twice a year. This protocol may be altered depending on the indication, patient’s lifestyle, financial position and response to previous treatments. Complications Though there are few evidence based studies on the efficacy of mesotherapy, there are documented reports on various complications. [10-17] The complications can be classified as local and systemic complications. (Box 11. 3) Box 11.3: Complications Local Bruising Burning or itching Pain, Tenderness, swelling Urticaria [10] Skin necrosis, Ulcers [11] Abscess [12] Hyper pigmentation Atypical mycobacterial infection [13] Rare – granulomatous panniculitis [14,15], koebnerisation, granuloma annulare, Oleoma [16] Systemic Anaphylaxis Nausea Vasovagal shock Hepatic toxicity Nerve demyelination Allergy to specific ingredients Thyrotoxicosis Ischaemic colitis [17] Management of Complications: Bruising:  It is a common but preventable complication. Always advice patient to stop aspirin or NSAIDs at least 2 weeks prior to the day of procedure. While injecting be slow and gentle. It is advisable to avoid mesotherapy during menstruation. Burning/Itching:  Burning can be overcome by adding lignocaine to the products if compatible. A mesomask applied immediately following procedure can also minimize burning and itching as it has a soothing effect. Pain/Tenderness: Procedural pain can be minimized by using adequate topical anaesthesia. Immediate post treatment pain can be alleviated by cold compresses with ice. Other methods that help to minimize pain are by pinching the skin for point by point injections or by stretching it when giving a nappage. Change needles after every few pricks to reduce the pain caused by blunt injecting needles Urticaria:  Urticaria can be avoided by a careful history to avoid products that would provoke an allergic reaction. E.g. phosphatidyl choline in individuals with history of allergy to soy proteins. Skin necrosis:  Skin necrosis occurs usually with phosphatidyl choline when the injections are given superficially Ulcers:  Ulcers can due to infection or irritant nature of the drugs. Irritant induced ulcers can be prevented by minimizing the number of drugs used in the cocktail to 4 or 5. Infective ulcers can be avoided by disinfecting the treatment area thoroughly and by wearing sterile gloves and using sterile equipment and materials. Hyper pigmentation:  This can be avoided by advising the patient photo protection for 48 hours after the procedure and by addition of topical skin lightening agents in patients with a history of post inflammatory hyper pigmentation. COMBINING MESOTHERAPY WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES Mesotherapy can be combined with other techniques to enhance results.Soon after injection of mesotherapy products, ultrasound, radiofrequency or electroporation may be applied to help in better diffusion of the injected products. The techniques are discussed in chapter 12. Mesomasks can be applied immediately after the injections to minimize bleeding points and to overcome the discomfort that follows injections.It is a 150 g of powder to be mixed with water to form a paste which is applied for 15minutes as a mask over gauze. This allows all products to penetrate deeper in the skin to give a better effect. These masks contain a mixture of calcium sulfate, talc and orange oil. Other procedures such as chemical peels, fillers and neurotoxins can be carried out between the mesotherapy sessions. In countries where mesotherapy is not practiced, mesotherapy products can be used following cosmetic skin needling. By using a dermaroller in the area to be treated, it is possible to create micro perforations that will be used as channels to deliver a product deeply into the skin. CLINICAL STUDIES Mesotherapy has been in history for a long time and there are proponents who have been successfully using it in practice for the benefits of their patients. However there are few indexed studies about the safety and efficacy of mesotherapy but many about its complications, hence it only natural to distrust proponents in relation to this technique Hence adequate controlled studies are needed to establish the value of mesotherapy in aesthetic dermatology. [18] Mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation, treatment of local fat deposits, body sculpting have been assigned Evidence Level C, whereas cellulite treatment has been assigned Evidence Level D [18]. Few recent studies have shown promising results for mesotherapy in various aesthetic indications. A study by Larruba et al showed good results with hyaluronic acid mesotherapy on photoaging and assessed by ultrasound techniques. [5] A study by Savoia etal showed promising [VG1] An excellent compilation with evidence for few of them are given in these two articles from IJDVL Sarkar R, Garg VK, Mysore V. Position paper on mesotherapy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:232-7 Konda D, Thappa DM. Mesotherapy: What is new?. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:127-34 Another review of various indication s of mesotherapy is in this article by Dr. premlatha 3.Latha P. and Vandana K.R. / International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutics / 1 (1), 2011, 19-29 ( full text available of all three) The meso solutions can be tabulated in the format below Indication Product Mechanism of action ( should include original intention versus intention in mesotherapy e.g. aminophylline was originally used for brochodilation. In mesotherapy it is used for vasodilatation etc Evidence grade ( wherever available)

Buckley / Ericsson :: essays research papers

Buckley / Ericsson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In their essays both Buckley and Ericsson analyze the different ways we use lies to help and hurt our self in our every day lives, and how this effects American culture. Ericsson shows the way lies can , as she puts it, â€Å" lubricate the daily machinery of living†(128). Buckley, on the other hand uses examples of lies as a way to deny himself; and do exactly the opposite of Ericsson. But they both show how we as Americans use lies these ways and others so much that most of us may not realize it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ericsson’s essay was obviously about The Ways We Lie, mostly about the way we lie to other people to make their or your own life easier. Buckley’s essay is not so obviously about lying, but if you read deeper into the text you can see how Buckley makes his life harder by lying to himself. When Ericsson is describing the white lie; she use the example of a friend telling another friend she looks good when the truth is she doesn’t. This is exactly how we use lies to lubricate daily living, we avoid confrontation. â€Å" The liar deciding what is best for the lied to† (Ericsson 121). When Buckley describes the amount of discomfort he endured from the heat on the train, he imagines what would happen to the conductor in an age of more violence. â€Å"The passengers would seize the conductor and strap him down on a seat over the radiator to share the fate of his patrons† (64). He has strong feelings toward the conductor, because someth ing has not already been done. When the conductor approaches Buckley; he has intensions of making the conductor aware of the problem, but the simple stare of his neighbor drives him to ignore the plain facts. Even though Buckley notices, â€Å"the car was flecked with the white shirts of the passengers†; he uses the stare as a way to dilute the truth into believing that his idea of turning the heat down would not be the consensus of the rest of the car (64).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way lies have become a part of are daily life as Americans, and the way this has effected our culture is what both Ericsson and Buckley express in their essays. I think Buckley clearly stated his essay’s purpose when he said, â€Å" what has happened to the American people.